C++基础入门

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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {

	cout << "Hello world" << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {

	//变量的定义
	//语法：数据类型  变量名 = 初始值

	int a = 10;

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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//1、宏常量
#define day 7

int main() {

	cout << "一周里总共有 " << day << " 天" << endl;
	//day = 8;  //报错，宏常量不可以修改

	//2、const修饰变量
	const int month = 12;
	cout << "一年里总共有 " << month << " 个月份" << endl;
	//month = 24; //报错，常量是不可以修改的
	
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	cout << "short 类型所占内存空间为： " << sizeof(short) << endl;

	cout << "int 类型所占内存空间为： " << sizeof(int) << endl;

	cout << "long 类型所占内存空间为： " << sizeof(long) << endl;

	cout << "long long 类型所占内存空间为： " << sizeof(long long) << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	float f1 = 3.14f;
	double d1 = 3.14;

	cout << f1 << endl;
	cout << d1<< endl;

	cout << "float  sizeof = " << sizeof(f1) << endl;
	cout << "double sizeof = " << sizeof(d1) << endl;

	//科学计数法
	float f2 = 3e2; // 3 * 10 ^ 2 
	cout << "f2 = " << f2 << endl;

	float f3 = 3e-2;  // 3 * 0.1 ^ 2
	cout << "f3 = " << f3 << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {
	
	char ch = 'a';
	cout << ch << endl;
	cout << sizeof(char) << endl;

	//ch = "abcde"; //错误，不可以用双引号
	//ch = 'abcde'; //错误，单引号内只能引用一个字符

	cout << (int)ch << endl;  //查看字符a对应的ASCII码
	ch = 97; //可以直接用ASCII给字符型变量赋值
	cout << ch << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {
	
	
	cout << "\\" << endl;
	cout << "\tHello" << endl;
	cout << "\n" << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	bool flag = true;
	cout << flag << endl; // 1

	flag = false;
	cout << flag << endl; // 0

	cout << "size of bool = " << sizeof(bool) << endl; //1
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main(){

	//整型输入
	int a = 0;
	cout << "请输入整型变量：" << endl;
	cin >> a;
	cout << a << endl;

	//浮点型输入
	double d = 0;
	cout << "请输入浮点型变量：" << endl;
	cin >> d;
	cout << d << endl;

	//字符型输入
	char ch = 0;
	cout << "请输入字符型变量：" << endl;
	cin >> ch;
	cout << ch << endl;

	//字符串型输入
	string str;
	cout << "请输入字符串型变量：" << endl;
	cin >> str;
	cout << str << endl;

	//布尔类型输入
	bool flag = true;
	cout << "请输入布尔型变量：" << endl;
	cin >> flag;
	cout << flag << endl;
	system("pause");
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

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//加减乘除
int main() {

	int a1 = 10;
	int b1 = 3;

	cout << a1 + b1 << endl;
	cout << a1 - b1 << endl;
	cout << a1 * b1 << endl;
	cout << a1 / b1 << endl;  //两个整数相除结果依然是整数

	int a2 = 10;
	int b2 = 20;
	cout << a2 / b2 << endl; 

	int a3 = 10;
	int b3 = 0;
	//cout << a3 / b3 << endl; //报错，除数不可以为0


	//两个小数可以相除
	double d1 = 0.5;
	double d2 = 0.25;
	cout << d1 / d2 << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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//取模
int main() {

	int a1 = 10;
	int b1 = 3;

	cout << 10 % 3 << endl;

	int a2 = 10;
	int b2 = 20;

	cout << a2 % b2 << endl;

	int a3 = 10;
	int b3 = 0;

	//cout << a3 % b3 << endl; //取模运算时，除数也不能为0

	//两个小数不可以取模
	double d1 = 3.14;
	double d2 = 1.1;

	//cout << d1 % d2 << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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//递增
int main() {

	//后置递增
	int a = 10;
	a++; //等价于a = a + 1
	cout << a << endl; // 11

	//前置递增
	int b = 10;
	++b;
	cout << b << endl; // 11

	//区别
	//前置递增先对变量进行++，再计算表达式
	int a2 = 10;
	int b2 = ++a2 * 10;
	cout << b2 << endl;

	//后置递增先计算表达式，后对变量进行++
	int a3 = 10;
	int b3 = a3++ * 10;
	cout << b3 << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	//赋值运算符

	// =
	int a = 10;
	a = 100;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	// +=
	a = 10;
	a += 2; // a = a + 2;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	// -=
	a = 10;
	a -= 2; // a = a - 2
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	// *=
	a = 10;
	a *= 2; // a = a * 2
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	// /=
	a = 10;
	a /= 2;  // a = a / 2;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	// %=
	a = 10;
	a %= 2;  // a = a % 2;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;

	cout << (a == b) << endl; // 0 

	cout << (a != b) << endl; // 1

	cout << (a > b) << endl; // 0

	cout << (a < b) << endl; // 1

	cout << (a >= b) << endl; // 0

	cout << (a <= b) << endl; // 1
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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//逻辑运算符  --- 非
int main() {

	int a = 10;

	cout << !a << endl; // 0

	cout << !!a << endl; // 1

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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//逻辑运算符  --- 与
int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 10;

	cout << (a && b) << endl;// 1

	a = 10;
	b = 0;

	cout << (a && b) << endl;// 0 

	a = 0;
	b = 0;

	cout << (a && b) << endl;// 0

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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//逻辑运算符  --- 或
int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 10;

	cout << (a || b) << endl;// 1

	a = 10;
	b = 0;

	cout << (a || b) << endl;// 1 

	a = 0;
	b = 0;

	cout << (a || b) << endl;// 0

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int score = 0;

	cout << "请输入考试分数：" << endl;

	cin >> score;

	if (score > 600)
	{
		cout << "我考上了一本大学" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "我未考上一本大学" << endl;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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	int main() {

	int score = 0;

	cout << "请输入考试分数：" << endl;

	cin >> score;

	if (score > 600)
	{
		cout << "我考上了一本大学" << endl;
	}
	else if (score > 500)
	{
		cout << "我考上了二本大学" << endl;
	}
	else if (score > 400)
	{
		cout << "我考上了三本大学" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "我未考上本科" << endl;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int score = 0;

	cout << "请输入考试分数：" << endl;

	cin >> score;

	if (score > 600)
	{
		cout << "我考上了一本大学" << endl;
		if (score > 700)
		{
			cout << "我考上了北大" << endl;
		}
		else if (score > 650)
		{
			cout << "我考上了清华" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "我考上了人大" << endl;
		}
		
	}
	else if (score > 500)
	{
		cout << "我考上了二本大学" << endl;
	}
	else if (score > 400)
	{
		cout << "我考上了三本大学" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "我未考上本科" << endl;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;
	int c = 0;

	c = a > b ? a : b;
	cout << "c = " << c << endl;

	//C++中三目运算符返回的是变量,可以继续赋值

	(a > b ? a : b) = 100;

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "c = " << c << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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switch(表达式)

{

	case 结果1：执行语句;break;

	case 结果2：执行语句;break;

	...

	default:执行语句;break;

}

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int main() {

	//请给电影评分 
	//10 ~ 9   经典   
	// 8 ~ 7   非常好
	// 6 ~ 5   一般
	// 5分以下 烂片

	int score = 0;
	cout << "请给电影打分" << endl;
	cin >> score;

	switch (score)
	{
	case 10:
	case 9:
		cout << "经典" << endl;
		break;
	case 8:
		cout << "非常好" << endl;
		break;
	case 7:
	case 6:
		cout << "一般" << endl;
		break;
	default:
		cout << "烂片" << endl;
		break;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int num = 0;
	while (num < 10)
	{
		cout << "num = " << num << endl;
		num++;
	}
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int num = 0;

	do
	{
		cout << num << endl;
		num++;

	} while (num < 10);
	
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		cout << i << endl;
	}
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	//外层循环执行1次，内层循环执行1轮
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
		{
			cout << "*" << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {
	//1、在switch 语句中使用break
	cout << "请选择您挑战副本的难度：" << endl;
	cout << "1、普通" << endl;
	cout << "2、中等" << endl;
	cout << "3、困难" << endl;

	int num = 0;

	cin >> num;

	switch (num)
	{
	case 1:
		cout << "您选择的是普通难度" << endl;
		break;
	case 2:
		cout << "您选择的是中等难度" << endl;
		break;
	case 3:
		cout << "您选择的是困难难度" << endl;
		break;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {
	//2、在循环语句中用break
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		if (i == 5)
		{
			break; //跳出循环语句
		}
		cout << i << endl;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {
	//在嵌套循环语句中使用break，退出内层循环
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
		{
			if (j == 5)
			{
				break;
			}
			cout << "*" << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
	{
		if (i % 2 == 0)
		{
			continue;
		}
		cout << i << endl;
	}
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	cout << "1" << endl;

	goto FLAG;

	cout << "2" << endl;
	cout << "3" << endl;
	cout << "4" << endl;

	FLAG:

	cout << "5" << endl;
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	//定义方式1
	//数据类型 数组名[元素个数];
	int score[10];

	//利用下标赋值
	score[0] = 100;
	score[1] = 99;
	score[2] = 85;

	//利用下标输出
	cout << score[0] << endl;
	cout << score[1] << endl;
	cout << score[2] << endl;


	//第二种定义方式
	//数据类型 数组名[元素个数] =  {值1，值2 ，值3 ...};
	//如果{}内不足10个数据，剩余数据用0补全
	int score2[10] = { 100, 90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10 };
	
	//逐个输出
	//cout << score2[0] << endl;
	//cout << score2[1] << endl;

	//一个一个输出太麻烦，因此可以利用循环进行输出
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		cout << score2[i] << endl;
	}

	//定义方式3
	//数据类型 数组名[] =  {值1，值2 ，值3 ...};
	int score3[] = { 100,90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10 };

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		cout << score3[i] << endl;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	//数组名用途
	//1、可以获取整个数组占用内存空间大小
	int arr[10] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };

	cout << "整个数组所占内存空间为： " << sizeof(arr) << endl;
	cout << "每个元素所占内存空间为： " << sizeof(arr[0]) << endl;
	cout << "数组的元素个数为： " << sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]) << endl;

	//2、可以通过数组名获取到数组首地址
	cout << "数组首地址为： " << (int)arr << endl;
	cout << "数组中第一个元素地址为： " << (int)&arr[0] << endl;
	cout << "数组中第二个元素地址为： " << (int)&arr[1] << endl;

	//arr = 100; 错误，数组名是常量，因此不可以赋值


	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int arr[9] = { 4,2,8,0,5,7,1,3,9 };

	for (int i = 0; i < 9 - 1; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 9 - 1 - i; j++)
		{
			if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1])
			{
				int temp = arr[j];
				arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
				arr[j + 1] = temp;
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
	{
		cout << arr[i] << endl;
	}
    
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	//方式1  
	//数组类型 数组名 [行数][列数]
	int arr[2][3];
	arr[0][0] = 1;
	arr[0][1] = 2;
	arr[0][2] = 3;
	arr[1][0] = 4;
	arr[1][1] = 5;
	arr[1][2] = 6;

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	//方式2 
	//数据类型 数组名[行数][列数] = { {数据1，数据2 } ，{数据3，数据4 } };
	int arr2[2][3] =
	{
		{1,2,3},
		{4,5,6}
	};

	//方式3
	//数据类型 数组名[行数][列数] = { 数据1，数据2 ,数据3，数据4  };
	int arr3[2][3] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 }; 

	//方式4 
	//数据类型 数组名[][列数] = { 数据1，数据2 ,数据3，数据4  };
	int arr4[][3] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 };
	
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	//二维数组数组名
	int arr[2][3] =
	{
		{1,2,3},
		{4,5,6}
	};

	cout << "二维数组大小： " << sizeof(arr) << endl;
	cout << "二维数组一行大小： " << sizeof(arr[0]) << endl;
	cout << "二维数组元素大小： " << sizeof(arr[0][0]) << endl;

	cout << "二维数组行数： " << sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]) << endl;
	cout << "二维数组列数： " << sizeof(arr[0]) / sizeof(arr[0][0]) << endl;

	//地址
	cout << "二维数组首地址：" << arr << endl;
	cout << "二维数组第一行地址：" << arr[0] << endl;
	cout << "二维数组第二行地址：" << arr[1] << endl;

	cout << "二维数组第一个元素地址：" << &arr[0][0] << endl;
	cout << "二维数组第二个元素地址：" << &arr[0][1] << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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int main() {

	int scores[3][3] =
	{
		{100,100,100},
		{90,50,100},
		{60,70,80},
	};

	string names[3] = { "张三","李四","王五" };

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		int sum = 0;
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			sum += scores[i][j];
		}
		cout << names[i] << "同学总成绩为： " << sum << endl;
	}

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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返回值类型 函数名 （参数列表）
{

       函数体语句

       return表达式

}

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//函数定义
int add(int num1, int num2)
{
	int sum = num1 + num2;
	return sum;
}

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//函数定义
int add(int num1, int num2) //定义中的num1,num2称为形式参数，简称形参
{
	int sum = num1 + num2;
	return sum;
}

int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 10;
	//调用add函数
	int sum = add(a, b);//调用时的a，b称为实际参数，简称实参
	cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;

	a = 100;
	b = 100;

	sum = add(a, b);
	cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

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void swap(int num1, int num2)
{
	cout << "交换前：" << endl;
	cout << "num1 = " << num1 << endl;
	cout << "num2 = " << num2 << endl;

	int temp = num1;
	num1 = num2;
	num2 = temp;

	cout << "交换后：" << endl;
	cout << "num1 = " << num1 << endl;
	cout << "num2 = " << num2 << endl;

	//return ; 当函数声明时候，不需要返回值，可以不写return
}

int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;

	swap(a, b);

	cout << "mian中的 a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "mian中的 b = " << b << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}